Analysis of Indoor Ventilation Using CFD Simulation to Improve Air Quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70567/mc.v41i19.102Keywords:
Indoor ventilation, Air quality, CFD simulationAbstract
Air quality and indoor ventilation are crucial for health, particularly in educational settings. Proper classroom ventilation enhances thermal comfort, air quality, and academic performance. After the 1970s oil crisis, energy efficiency became a priority, reducing natural ventilation and impacting indoor air quality. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to review ventilation systems, as inadequate ventilation can aid disease spread. This study assessed ventilation in Argentine public school classrooms using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Velocity and dynamic pressure measurements were compared with CFD model results, calculating air change rate per hour (ACH). Despite adequate ventilation findings, areas of stagnation and recirculation prompted the proposal of a pivoting window to enhance air circulation.
References
Allen, J., Spengler, J., Jones, E., & Cedeno-Laurent, J. (2020). 5-step guide to checking ventilation rates in classrooms. Harvard Healthy Buildings Program. Disponible: https://schools.forhealth.org/ventilation-guide/
Arjmandi, H., Amini, R., & Fallahpour, M. (2022). Minimizing the respiratory pathogen transmission: Numerical study and multi-objective optimization of ventilation systems in a classroom. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 28, 101052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2021.101052
Bolashikov, Z. D., & Melikov, A. K. (2009). Methods for air cleaning and protection of building occupants from airborne pathogens. Building and Environment, 44(7), 1378-1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.09.001
Chang, J. C., & Hanna, S. R. (2004). Air quality model performance evaluation. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 87(1-3), 167-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-003-0070-7
Correia, G., Rodrigues, L., Gameiro da Silva, M., Gonçalves, T. (2020). Airborne route and bad use of ventilation systems as non-negligible factors in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, Med. Hypotheses. 141 109781 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109781
Curseu, D., Popa, M., Sirbu, D., & Popa, M. S. (2009). Engineering control of airborne disease transmission in health care facilities. In International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology: 23-26 September, 2009, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (pp. 1-4). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04292-8_1
Deng D.Y., Cai J.Y., and Zhou Y.Y. (2007). Measured CO2 pollutant and air fresh volume in classroom. Environmental Science and Technology, 30(9), 45-49.
Eicker, U. (2010). Cooling strategies, summer comfort and energy performance of a rehabilitated passive standard office building. Applied Energy 87 2031-2039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.015
Hanna, S., Chang, J. (2012). Acceptance criteria for urban dispersion model evaluation. Meteorog. Atmos. Phys. 116 (3-4), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-011-0177-1
Karimipanah, T., Awbi, H.B., Sandberg, M., Blomqvist, C. (2007). Investigation of air quality, comfort parameters and effectiveness for two floor level air supply systemsin classrooms. Building and Environment 42 647-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.016
Kohanski, M. A., Lo, L. J., & Waring, M. S. (2020). Review of indoor aerosol generation, transport, and control in the context of COVID-19. In International forum of allergy & rhinology (Vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 1173-1179). https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22661
Minguillón, M. C., Querol, X., Felisi, J. M., & Garrido, T. (2020). Guía para ventilación de las aulas CSIC. Disponible en https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/221538
Molina Aiz, F. D. (2010). Simulación y modelación de la ventilación en invernaderos de almería mediante la utilización de dinámica computacional de fluidos (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad de Almería).
Morawska, L. (2005). Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection?. In Indoor Air 2005: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (pp. 9-23). Tsinghua University Press.
Mou, J., Cui, S., & Khoo, D. W. Y. (2021). Numerical investigation of airflow field and CO2 distribution inside a seminar room for sensor placement. Measurement: Sensors, 18, 100119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2021.100119
Puteh, M., Ibrahim, M.H., Adnan, M. Cheahmad, C.N., Noh, N.M.(2012). Thermal comfort in classroom: constraints and issues. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences 46 1834-1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.388
Seppänen O. A. and Fisk W. J. (2004). Summary of human responses to ventilation. Indoor Air, 14(s7), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00279.x
Sheikhnejad, Y., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2020). Scientific landscape of sustainable urban and rural areas research: A systematic scientometric analysis. Sustainability, 12(4), 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041293
Sun Y., Zhang Y., and Bao L. (2011). Ventilation and dampness in dorms and their associations with allergy among college students in China: a case-control study. Indoor Air, 21, 277- 283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00699.x
World Health Organization (WHO). (2009). Natural ventilation for infection control in health care settings. World Health Organization. Disponible en https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/44167
Yang, J., Sekhar, S. C., Cheong, K. W. D., & Raphael, B. (2015). Performance evaluation of a novel personalized ventilation-personalized exhaust system for airborne infection control. Indoor Air, 25(2), 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12127
Zhu N., Tian Z., and Wang K.H.1999. Use of tracer gas measurement in HVAC systems. HVAC, 29(2), 58-62.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Argentine Association for Computational Mechanics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This publication is open access diamond, with no cost to authors or readers.
Only those papers that have been accepted for publication and have been presented at the AMCA congress will be published.
